Conversion of units of temperature
This is a compendium of temperature conversion formulæ and comparisons.
Contents |
Kelvin
| from Kelvin | to Kelvin | |
|---|---|---|
| Celsius | [°C] = [K] − 273.15 | [K] = [°C] + 273.15 |
| Fahrenheit | [°F] = [K] × 9⁄5 − 459.67 | [K] = ([°F] + 459.67) × 5⁄9 |
| Rankine | [°R] = [K] × 9⁄5 | [K] = [°R] × 5⁄9 |
| Delisle | [°De] = (373.15 − [K]) × 3⁄2 | [K] = 373.15 − [°De] × 2⁄3 |
| Newton | [°N] = ([K] − 273.15) × 33⁄100 | [K] = [°N] × 100⁄33 + 273.15 |
| Réaumur | [°Ré] = ([K] − 273.15) × 4⁄5 | [K] = [°Ré] × 5⁄4 + 273.15 |
| Rømer | [°Rø] = ([K] − 273.15) × 21⁄40 + 7.5 | [K] = ([°Rø] − 7.5) × 40⁄21 + 273.15 |
Celsius (Centigrade)
| from Celsius | to Celsius | |
|---|---|---|
| Fahrenheit | [°F] = [°C] × 9⁄5 + 32 | [°C] = ([°F] − 32) × 5⁄9 |
| Kelvin | [K] = [°C] + 273.15 | [°C] = [K] − 273.15 |
| Rankine | [°R] = ([°C] + 273.15) × 9⁄5 | [°C] = ([°R] − 491.67) × 5⁄9 |
| Delisle | [°De] = (100 − [°C]) × 3⁄2 | [°C] = 100 − [°De] × 2⁄3 |
| Newton | [°N] = [°C] × 33⁄100 | [°C] = [°N] × 100⁄33 |
| Réaumur | [°Ré] = [°C] × 4⁄5 | [°C] = [°Ré] × 5⁄4 |
| Rømer | [°Rø] = [°C] × 21⁄40 + 7.5 | [°C] = ([°Rø] − 7.5) × 40⁄21 |
The simple approximation [°F] = [°C] × 2 + 30 (or [°C] = ([°F] − 30) / 2) works well within the range of normal weather temperatures, underestimating by 6°F at −20°C and over by 4°F at 30°C.
Fahrenheit
| from Fahrenheit | to Fahrenheit | |
|---|---|---|
| Celsius | [°C] = ([°F] − 32) × 5⁄9 | [°F] = [°C] × 9⁄5 + 32 |
| Kelvin | [K] = ([°F] + 459.67) × 5⁄9 | [°F] = [K] × 9⁄5 − 459.67 |
| Rankine | [°R] = [°F] + 459.67 | [°F] = [°R] − 459.67 |
| Delisle | [°De] = (212 − [°F]) × 5⁄6 | [°F] = 212 − [°De] × 6⁄5 |
| Newton | [°N] = ([°F] − 32) × 11⁄60 | [°F] = [°N] × 60⁄11 + 32 |
| Réaumur | [°Ré] = ([°F] − 32) × 4⁄9 | [°F] = [°Ré] × 9⁄4 + 32 |
| Rømer | [°Rø] = ([°F] − 32) × 7⁄24 + 7.5 | [°F] = ([°Rø] − 7.5) × 24⁄7 + 32 |
Rankine
| from Rankine | to Rankine | |
|---|---|---|
| Celsius | [°C] = ([°R] − 491.67) × 5⁄9 | [°R] = ([°C] + 273.15) × 9⁄5 |
| Fahrenheit | [°F] = [°R] − 459.67 | [°R] = [°F] + 459.67 |
| Kelvin | [K] = [°R] × 5⁄9 | [°R] = [K] × 9⁄5 |
| Delisle | [°De] = (671.67 − [°R]) × 5⁄6 | [°R] = 671.67 − [°De] × 6⁄5 |
| Newton | [°N] = ([°R] − 491.67) × 11⁄60 | [°R] = [°N] × 60⁄11 + 491.67 |
| Réaumur | [°Ré] = ([°R] − 491.67) × 4⁄9 | [°R] = [°Ré] × 9⁄4 + 491.67 |
| Rømer | [°Rø] = ([°R] − 491.67) × 7⁄24 + 7.5 | [°R] = ([°Rø] − 7.5) × 24⁄7 + 491.67 |
Newton
| from Newton | to Newton | |
|---|---|---|
| Celsius | [°C] = [°N] × 100⁄33 | [°N] = [°C] × 33⁄100 |
| Fahrenheit | [°F] = [°N] × 60⁄11 + 32 | [°N] = ([°F] − 32) × 11⁄60 |
| Kelvin | [K] = [°N] × 100⁄33 + 273.15 | [°N] = ([K] − 273.15) × 33⁄100 |
| Rankine | [°R] = [°N] × 60⁄11 + 491.67 | [°N] = ([°R] − 491.67) × 11⁄60 |
| Delisle | [°De] = (33 − [°N]) × 50⁄11 | [°N] = 33 − [°De] × 11⁄50 |
| Réaumur | [°Ré] = [°N] × 80⁄33 | [°N] = [°Ré] × 33⁄80 |
| Rømer | [°Rø] = [°N] × 35⁄22 + 7.5 | [°N] = ([°Rø] − 7.5) × 22⁄35 |
Réaumur
| from Réaumur | to Réaumur | |
|---|---|---|
| Celsius | [°C] = [°Ré] × 5⁄4 | [°Ré] = [°C] × 4⁄5 |
| Fahrenheit | [°F] = [°Ré] × 9⁄4 + 32 | [°Ré] = ([°F] − 32) × 4⁄9 |
| Kelvin | [K] = [°Ré] × 5⁄4 + 273.15 | [°Ré] = ([K] − 273.15) × 4⁄5 |
| Rankine | [°R] = [°Ré] × 9⁄4 + 491.67 | [°Ré] = ([°R] − 491.67) × 4⁄9 |
| Delisle | [°De] = (80 − [°Ré]) × 15⁄8 | [°Ré] = 80 − [°De] × 8⁄15 |
| Newton | [°N] = [°Ré] × 33⁄80 | [°Ré] = [°N] × 80⁄33 |
| Rømer | [°Rø] = [°Ré] × 21⁄32 + 7.5 | [°Ré] = ([°Rø] − 7.5) × 32⁄21 |
Rømer
| from Rømer | to Rømer | |
|---|---|---|
| Celsius | [°C] = ([°Rø] − 7.5) × 40⁄21 | [°Rø] = [°C] × 21⁄40 + 7.5 |
| Fahrenheit | [°F] = ([°Rø] − 7.5) × 24⁄7 + 32 | [°Rø] = ([°F] − 32) × 7⁄24 + 7.5 |
| Kelvin | [K] = ([°Rø] − 7.5) × 40⁄21 + 273.15 | [°Rø] = ([K] − 273.15) × 21⁄40 + 7.5 |
| Rankine | [°R] = ([°Rø] − 7.5) × 24⁄7 + 491.67 | [°Rø] = ([°R] − 491.67) × 7⁄24 + 7.5 |
| Delisle | [°De] = (60 − [°Rø]) × 20⁄7 | [°Rø] = 60 − [°De] × 7⁄20 |
| Newton | [°N] = ([°Rø] − 7.5) × 22⁄35 | [°Rø] = [°N] × 35⁄22 + 7.5 |
| Réaumur | [°Ré] = ([°Rø] − 7.5) × 32⁄21 | [°Rø] = [°Ré] × 21⁄32 + 7.5 |
Comparison
| Celsius | Fahrenheit | Kelvin | Rankine | Delisle | Newton | Réaumur | Rømer |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 300.00 | 572.00 | 573.15 | 1031.67 | −300.00 | 99.00 | 240.00 | 165.00 |
| 290.00 | 554.00 | 563.15 | 1013.67 | −285.00 | 95.70 | 232.00 | 159.75 |
| 280.00 | 536.00 | 553.15 | 995.67 | −270.00 | 92.40 | 224.00 | 154.50 |
| 270.00 | 518.00 | 543.15 | 977.67 | −255.00 | 89.10 | 216.00 | 149.25 |
| 260.00 | 500.00 | 533.15 | 959.67 | −240.00 | 85.80 | 208.00 | 144.00 |
| 250.00 | 482.00 | 523.15 | 941.67 | −225.00 | 82.50 | 200.00 | 138.75 |
| 240.00 | 464.00 | 513.15 | 923.67 | −210.00 | 79.20 | 192.00 | 133.50 |
| 230.00 | 446.00 | 503.15 | 905.67 | −195.00 | 75.90 | 184.00 | 128.25 |
| 220.00 | 428.00 | 493.15 | 887.67 | −180.00 | 72.60 | 176.00 | 123.00 |
| 210.00 | 410.00 | 483.15 | 869.67 | −165.00 | 69.30 | 168.00 | 117.75 |
| 200.00 | 392.00 | 473.15 | 851.67 | −150.00 | 66.00 | 160.00 | 112.50 |
| 190.00 | 374.00 | 463.15 | 833.67 | −135.00 | 62.70 | 152.00 | 107.25 |
| 180.00 | 356.00 | 453.15 | 815.67 | −120.00 | 59.40 | 144.00 | 102.00 |
| 170.00 | 338.00 | 443.15 | 797.67 | −105.00 | 56.10 | 136.00 | 96.75 |
| 160.00 | 320.00 | 433.15 | 779.67 | −90.00 | 52.80 | 128.00 | 91.50 |
| 150.00 | 302.00 | 423.15 | 761.67 | −75.00 | 49.50 | 120.00 | 86.25 |
| 140.00 | 284.00 | 413.15 | 743.67 | −60.00 | 46.20 | 112.00 | 81.00 |
| 130.00 | 266.00 | 403.15 | 725.67 | −45.00 | 42.90 | 104.00 | 75.75 |
| 120.00 | 248.00 | 393.15 | 707.67 | −30.00 | 39.60 | 96.00 | 70.50 |
| 110.00 | 230.00 | 383.15 | 689.67 | −15.00 | 36.30 | 88.00 | 65.25 |
| 100.00 | 212.00 | 373.15 | 671.67 | 0.00 | 33.00 | 80.00 | 60.00 |
| 90.00 | 194.00 | 363.15 | 653.67 | 15.00 | 29.70 | 72.00 | 54.75 |
| 80.00 | 176.00 | 353.15 | 635.67 | 30.00 | 26.40 | 64.00 | 49.50 |
| 70.00 | 158.00 | 343.15 | 617.67 | 45.00 | 23.10 | 56.00 | 44.25 |
| 60.00 | 140.00 | 333.15 | 599.67 | 60.00 | 19.80 | 48.00 | 39.00 |
| 50.00 | 122.00 | 323.15 | 581.67 | 75.00 | 16.50 | 40.00 | 33.75 |
| 40.00 | 104.00 | 313.15 | 563.67 | 90.00 | 13.20 | 32.00 | 28.50 |
| 30.00 | 86.00 | 303.15 | 545.67 | 105.00 | 9.90 | 24.00 | 23.25 |
| 20.00 | 68.00 | 293.15 | 527.67 | 120.00 | 6.60 | 16.00 | 18.00 |
| 10.00 | 50.00 | 283.15 | 509.67 | 135.00 | 3.30 | 8.00 | 12.75 |
| 0.00 | 32.00 | 273.15 | 491.67 | 150.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 7.50 |
| −10.00 | 14.00 | 263.15 | 473.67 | 165.00 | −3.30 | −8.00 | 2.25 |
| −20.00 | −4.00 | 253.15 | 455.67 | 180.00 | −6.60 | −16.00 | −3.00 |
| −30.00 | −22.00 | 243.15 | 437.67 | 195.00 | −9.90 | −24.00 | −8.25 |
| −40.00 | −40.00 | 233.15 | 419.67 | 210.00 | −13.20 | −32.00 | −13.50 |
| −50.00 | −58.00 | 223.15 | 401.67 | 225.00 | −16.50 | −40.00 | −18.75 |
| −60.00 | −76.00 | 213.15 | 383.67 | 240.00 | −19.80 | −48.00 | −24.00 |
| −70.00 | −94.00 | 203.15 | 365.67 | 255.00 | −23.10 | −56.00 | −29.25 |
| −80.00 | −112.00 | 193.15 | 347.67 | 270.00 | −26.40 | −64.00 | −34.50 |
| −90.00 | −130.00 | 183.15 | 329.67 | 285.00 | −29.70 | −72.00 | −39.75 |
| −100.00 | −148.00 | 173.15 | 311.67 | 300.00 | −33.00 | −80.00 | −45.00 |
| −110.00 | −166.00 | 163.15 | 293.67 | 315.00 | −36.30 | −88.00 | −50.25 |
| −120.00 | −184.00 | 153.15 | 275.67 | 330.00 | −39.60 | −96.00 | −55.50 |
| −130.00 | −202.00 | 143.15 | 257.67 | 345.00 | −42.90 | −104.00 | −60.75 |
| −140.00 | −220.00 | 133.15 | 239.67 | 360.00 | −46.20 | −112.00 | −66.00 |
| −150.00 | −238.00 | 123.15 | 221.67 | 375.00 | −49.50 | −120.00 | −71.25 |
| −160.00 | −256.00 | 113.15 | 203.67 | 390.00 | −52.80 | −128.00 | −76.50 |
| −170.00 | −274.00 | 103.15 | 185.67 | 405.00 | −56.10 | −136.00 | −81.75 |
| −180.00 | −292.00 | 93.15 | 167.67 | 420.00 | −59.40 | −144.00 | −87.00 |
| −190.00 | −310.00 | 83.15 | 149.67 | 435.00 | −62.70 | −152.00 | −92.25 |
| −200.00 | −328.00 | 73.15 | 131.67 | 450.00 | −66.00 | −160.00 | −97.50 |
| −210.00 | −346.00 | 63.15 | 113.67 | 465.00 | −69.30 | −168.00 | −102.75 |
| −220.00 | −364.00 | 53.15 | 95.67 | 480.00 | −72.60 | −176.00 | −108.00 |
| −230.00 | −382.00 | 43.15 | 77.67 | 495.00 | −75.90 | −184.00 | −113.25 |
| −240.00 | −400.00 | 33.15 | 59.67 | 510.00 | −79.20 | −192.00 | −118.50 |
| −250.00 | −418.00 | 23.15 | 41.67 | 525.00 | −82.50 | −200.00 | −123.75 |
| −260.00 | −436.00 | 13.15 | 23.67 | 540.00 | −85.80 | −208.00 | −129.00 |
| −273.15 | −459.67 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 559.73 | −90.14 | −218.52 | −135.90 |
Comparison of temperature scales
| Comment | Kelvin | Celsius | Fahrenheit | Rankine scale | Delisle | Newton | Réaumur | Rømer |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Absolute zero | 0.00 | −273.15 | −459.67 | 0.00 | 559.73 | −90.14 | −218.52 | −135.90 |
| Lowest recorded surface temperature on Earth (Vostok, Antarctica - July 21, 1983) |
184 | −89 | −128 | 331 | 284 | −29 | −71 | −39 |
| Fahrenheit's ice/salt mixture | 255.37 | −17.78 | 0.00 | 459.67 | 176.67 | −5.87 | −14.22 | −1.83 |
| Ice melts (at standard pressure) | 273.15 | 0.00 | 32.00 | 491.67 | 150.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 7.50 |
| Triple point of water | 273.16 | 0.01 | 32.018 | 491.688 | 149.985 | 0.0033 | 0.008 | 7.50525 |
| Average surface temperature on Earth | 288 | 15 | 59 | 519 | 128 | 5 | 12 | 15 |
| Average human body temperature* | 310 | 37 | 98 | 558 | 95 | 12 | 29 | 27 |
| Highest recorded surface temperature on Earth ('Aziziya, Libya - September 13, 1922) But that reading is queried. |
331 | 58 | 136 | 596 | 63 | 19 | 46 | 38 |
| Water boils (at standard pressure) | 373.15 | 100.00 | 211.97 | 671.64 | 0.00 | 33.00 | 80.00 | 60.00 |
| Titanium melts | 1941 | 1668 | 3034 | 3494 | −2352 | 550 | 1334 | 883 |
| The surface of the Sun | 5800 | 5500 | 9900 | 10400 | −8100 | 1800 | 4400 | 2900 |
* Normal human body temperature is 36.8 °C ±0.7 °C, or 98.2 °F ±1.3 °F. The commonly given value 98.6 °F is simply the exact conversion of the nineteenth-century German standard of 37 °C. Since it does not list an acceptable range, it could therefore be said to have excess (invalid) precision.[1]
Some numbers in this table have been rounded.
Conversion table between different temperature units
See also
References
- ^ "Temperature of a Healthy Human (Body Temperature)". Hypertextbook.com. http://hypertextbook.com/facts/LenaWong.shtml. Retrieved 2010-09-16.
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